Uglerod
6
C
Guruh
14
Davr
2
Block
p
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
6
6
6
General Properties
Atom raqami
6
Atom massasi
12,0107
Mass Number
12
Turkum
Qolgan metallmaslar
Ranggi
Qora
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Crystal Structure
Simple Hexagonal
Tarix
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Electrons per shell
2, 4
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
2,267 g/cm3
Erish harorati
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Qaynash harorati
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Heat of Fusion
105 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
715 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,709 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,18%
Abundance in Universe
0,5%
CAS Number
7440-44-0
PubChem CID Number
5462310
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
67 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
77 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
2,55 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
11,2603 eV
Molyar hajm
5,31 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
1,29 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Applications
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
12C, 13CBeqaror izotoplar
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C