Kremniy

14
Si
Guruh
14
Davr
3
Block
p
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
14
14
14
General Properties
Atom raqami
14
Atom massasi
28,0855
Mass Number
28
Turkum
Yarim metallar
Ranggi
Gray
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word silex, silicis, flint
Crystal Structure
Tetrahedral Packing
Tarix
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.

In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.

Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 4
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Si
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
2,3296 g/cm3
Erish harorati
1687,15 K | 1414 °C | 2577,2 °F
Qaynash harorati
3538,15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Heat of Fusion
50,2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
359 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,705 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
27%
Abundance in Universe
0,07%
Close
Image Credits: Wikimedia Commons (Enricoros)
Close up photo of a piece of purified silicon
CAS Number
7440-21-3
PubChem CID Number
5461123
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
111 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
111 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
1,9 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
8,1517 eV
Molyar hajm
12,1 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
1,48 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Applications
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.

Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.

Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.

Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
28Si, 29Si, 30Si
Beqaror izotoplar
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si