Toriy
90
Th
Guruh
Nomaʼlum
Davr
7
Block
f
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
90
90
142
General Properties
Atom raqami
90
Atom massasi
232,03806
Mass Number
232
Turkum
Aktinoidlar
Ranggi
Silver
Radioaktivlik
Ha
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic
Tarix
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
11,7 g/cm3
Erish harorati
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Qaynash harorati
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Heat of Fusion
16 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
530 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,113 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,0006%
Abundance in Universe
4×10-8%
Image Credits: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS Number
7440-29-1
PubChem CID Number
23960
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
179 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
206 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
1,3 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
6,3067 eV
Molyar hajm
19,9 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
0,54 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
2, 3, 4
Applications
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
232ThBeqaror izotoplar
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th