Germaniy
32
Ge
Guruh
14
Davr
4
Blok
p
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
32
32
41
Umumiy xususiyatlar
Atom raqami
32
Atom massasi
72,63
Mass raqami
73
Turkum
Yarim metallar
Ranggi
Kulrang
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Kristall tuzilma
Yuz markazli kubik
Tarix
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Qobiqdagi elektronlar soni
2, 8, 18, 4
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Jismoniy xususiyatlar
Faza
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
5,323 g/cm3
Erish harorati
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Qaynash harorati
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Eritish issiqligi
31,8 kJ/mol
Bugʻlanish issiqligi
334 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,32 J/g·K
Yer po‘stidagi miqdori
0,00014%
Olamdagi miqdori
0,00002%
CAS raqami
7440-56-4
PubChem CID raqami
6326954
Atom xususiyatlari
Atom radiusi
122 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
122 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
2,01 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionlashish potensiali
7,8994 eV
Molyar hajm
13,6 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
0,599 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Qo‘llanilish sohalari
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeBeqaror izotoplar
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge