Galliy
31
Ga
Guruh
13
Davr
4
Block
p
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
31
31
39
General Properties
Atom raqami
31
Atom massasi
69,723
Mass Number
70
Turkum
Yengil metallar
Ranggi
Silver
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Crystal Structure
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Tarix
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
5,907 g/cm3
Erish harorati
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Qaynash harorati
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Heat of Fusion
5,59 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
256 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,371 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,0019%
Abundance in Universe
1×10-6%
CAS Number
7440-55-3
PubChem CID Number
5360835
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
135 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
122 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
1,81 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
5,9993 eV
Molyar hajm
11,8 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
1, 2, 3
Applications
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
69Ga, 71GaBeqaror izotoplar
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga