Golmiy
67
Ho
Guruh
Nomaʼlum
Davr
6
Block
f
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
67
67
98
General Properties
Atom raqami
67
Atom massasi
164,93032
Mass Number
165
Turkum
Lantanoidlar
Ranggi
Silver
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm
Crystal Structure
Simple Hexagonal
Tarix
Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any naturally occurring element
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
8,795 g/cm3
Erish harorati
1734,15 K | 1461 °C | 2661,8 °F
Qaynash harorati
2993,15 K | 2720 °C | 4928 °F
Heat of Fusion
17 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
265 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,165 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,00012%
Abundance in Universe
5×10-8%
CAS Number
7440-60-0
PubChem CID Number
23988
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
176 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
192 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
1,23 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
6,0215 eV
Molyar hajm
18,7 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
0,162 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
3
Applications
Holmium is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields, when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
165HoBeqaror izotoplar
140Ho, 141Ho, 142Ho, 143Ho, 144Ho, 145Ho, 146Ho, 147Ho, 148Ho, 149Ho, 150Ho, 151Ho, 152Ho, 153Ho, 154Ho, 155Ho, 156Ho, 157Ho, 158Ho, 159Ho, 160Ho, 161Ho, 162Ho, 163Ho, 164Ho, 166Ho, 167Ho, 168Ho, 169Ho, 170Ho, 171Ho, 172Ho, 173Ho, 174Ho, 175Ho