Ruteniy
44
Ru
Guruh
8
Davr
5
Block
d
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
44
44
57
General Properties
Atom raqami
44
Atom massasi
101,07
Mass Number
101
Turkum
Oʻtish metallar
Ranggi
Silver
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Crystal Structure
Simple Hexagonal
Tarix
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
12,37 g/cm3
Erish harorati
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Qaynash harorati
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Heat of Fusion
25,7 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
580 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,238 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
9,9×10-8%
Abundance in Universe
4×10-7%
CAS Number
7440-18-8
PubChem CID Number
23950
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
134 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
146 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
2,2 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
7,3605 eV
Molyar hajm
8,3 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
1,17 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Applications
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuBeqaror izotoplar
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru