Nikel

28
Ni
Guruh
10
Davr
4
Block
d
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Neytronlar
28
28
31
General Properties
Atom raqami
28
Atom massasi
58,6934
Mass Number
59
Turkum
Oʻtish metallar
Ranggi
Gray
Radioaktivlik
Yoʻq
From the German word Nickel (Satan), and from kupfernickel, Old Nick's copper
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic
Tarix
Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC.

In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.

In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 16, 2
Elektron konfiguratsiyasi
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Ni
Nickel is 100 times more concentrated below Earth's crust than in it
Physical Properties
Phase
Qattiq modda
Zichlik
8,912 g/cm3
Erish harorati
1728,15 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F
Qaynash harorati
3186,15 K | 2913 °C | 5275,4 °F
Heat of Fusion
17,2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
378 kJ/mol
Solishtirma issiqlik sigʻimi
0,444 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
0,0089%
Abundance in Universe
0,006%
A
Image Credits: Images-of-elements
A sheet of nickel
CAS Number
7440-02-0
PubChem CID Number
935
Atomic Properties
Atom radiusi
124 pm
Kovalentlik radiusi
124 pm
Elektrmanfiylik
1,91 (Poling boʻyicha)
Ionization Potential
7,6398 eV
Molyar hajm
6,59 cm3/mol
Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik
0,907 W/cm·K
Oksidlanish darajasi
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Applications
Nickel is used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.

Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.

Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic
Izotoplar
Barqaror izotoplar
58Ni, 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni, 64Ni
Beqaror izotoplar
48Ni, 49Ni, 50Ni, 51Ni, 52Ni, 53Ni, 54Ni, 55Ni, 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni, 63Ni, 65Ni, 66Ni, 67Ni, 68Ni, 69Ni, 70Ni, 71Ni, 72Ni, 73Ni, 74Ni, 75Ni, 76Ni, 77Ni, 78Ni